A
ProMED-mail post
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
Date: May 16, 2007
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases <http://www.isid.org>
[1] Soybean rust, kudzu - USA
(Louisiana)
[2] Asian rust, weather - USA (Mid-west): warning
[3] Soybean rust - USA: crop insurance
[1] Soybean rust, kudzu - USA (Louisiana)
Date: 14 May 2007
Source: Wisconsin Ag Connection [edited]
<http://www.wisconsinagconnection.com/story-national.php?Id=1091&yr=2007>
The first Asian soybean rust [ASR] of 2007 for Louisiana has
been confirmed in a kudzu patch in New Iberia Parish, in
south-central Louisiana. The find this early and in a place that
could be a source of rust for the Midwest is of concern,
officials said.
Clayton A. Hollier of Louisiana State University said in an
advisory that his associate, Rose Berggren, found the rust on 8
May [2007] in a patch that was infected last year [2006]. The
official report on <http://www.sbrusa.net> was made last week.
The find joins 20 other reports of soybean rust in 4 other
states so far this year [2007].
"This observation is 53 days ahead of last year's 1st find," in
Louisiana, Hollier said, "which brings up many questions about
the initial inoculum source and the overall implications for the
soybean crop in Louisiana and the rest of the mid-section of the
country." Hollier commented on the delay in the announcement of
3 days: "Such an early find in the Deep South has implications
for our industry and the industry north of us. It was indicated
last year (2006) that Louisiana was probably the source of
inoculum for the Mid-South and the Mississippi and Ohio River
states north of us. That being said, the same could happen this
year, especially if the weather is wetter than last year's.
"Because of these implications, and the fact that our strategies
may have to change because of ASR's earlier presence, the delay
in announcement has everything to do with making certain that
the diagnosis was correct," he said. "Initial microscopic
observations indicated to us (pathologists) that ASR was
present, but there were some abnormally shaped spores present.
The 2nd tier of results from the immunoassay test strips
indicated ASR's presence, but PCR [polymerase chain reaction] is
the true litmus test for such an important pathogen."
The soybean rust sample was positive by PCR [polymerase chain
reaction, a very fast, highly specific test - Mod.JW], too,
Hollier said.
[2] Asian rust, weather - USA
(Mid-west): warning
Date: 14 May 2007
Source: Agriculture Online [edited]
<http://www.agriculture.com/ag/story.jhtml?storyid=/templatedata/ag/story/data/1179160407893.xml&catref=ag1001#continue>
The discovery of Asian soybean rust in Louisiana last week [6-12
May 2007] indicates this disease could move further north this
summer.
Greg Shaner, Purdue University Extension plant pathologist,
notes the rust discovery in Louisiana is 53 days earlier than
the first detection of rust in that state last year[2006].
Although Florida, Georgia, and Alabama remain dry, Louisiana has
had heavy rains this month, and scattered showers are predicted
during the coming week. The weather appears ideal for rust
development.
Late last October [2006], rust appeared in Indiana. The spores
that gave rise to these infections most likely came from
Louisiana, carried by southerly winds over a 2- to 3-day period
in late September.
The fact that rust is now present in the Mississippi Delta means
a storm system moving up the Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys
this summer [2007] could bring spores to Indiana in time to
cause damaging disease to soybeans, Shaner says. Purdue
specialists will continue to monitor rust development in the
Delta region and watch for weather patterns that could bring
spores north. They will regularly scout sentinel plots for Asian
soybean rust.
[3] Soybean rust - USA: crop
insurance
Date: 14 May 2007
Source: Agriculture Online [edited]
<http://www.agriculture.com/ag/story.jhtml?storyid=/templatedata/ag/story/data/1179161192685.xml&catref=ag1001>
The 2007 growing season is now underway, and farm operators in
some areas have already planted many of their soybeans, and
other in areas will be planting soybeans in the next couple of
weeks.
Throughout the winter and early spring, there has been
considerable discussion about the potential for Asian soybean
rust in 2007, scouting for the disease, treatment options, etc.
One topic that has been discussed recently is how an incidence
of soybean rust will be handled for crop insurance indemnity
claims.
This is a rather complex issue and insurance coverage will be
largely dependent on the management practices followed by farm
operators. The USDA [United States Department of Agriculture]
Risk Management Agency (RMA) has published several pieces of
information regarding crop insurance coverage regarding crop
losses from Asian soybean rust. The crop losses from soybean
rust are covered by crop insurance if the losses are unavoidable
and were due to naturally occurring events. The grower must
follow "good farming practices," work with local experts, and be
able to document all actions taken to control and manage soybean
rust.
In addition to the basic Crop Insurance policy provisions, RMA
has expanded the definition of "good farming practices" relative
to disease control measures. To determine if disease control
measures are considered "good farming practices," 4 questions
must be answered by agricultural
experts:
Will the recommended disease control measure:
1 - Allow the insured crop to make normal progress toward
maturity?
2 - Produce at least the yield used to determine the production
guarantee or amount of insurance, including any adjustments for
late planted acreage?
3 - Not reduce or adversely affect the yield, if it is applied
or not applied to the crop?
4 - Be generally recognized for the area, or be contained in the
organic plan, if applicable?
The answers to these questions must be "positive." RMA states
that if the answer to any of the above questions is "negative,"
the disease control measure would not be considered a "good
farming practice." RMA does not consider the cost or economics
of the control measure for determining if "good farming
practices" have been followed.
RMA recommends documentation of the following data and
information for good documentation of soybean rust control
efforts by producers:
1 - Data from local weather stations, Farm Service Agency (FSA)
reports and published articles in newspapers, newsletters and
magazines.
2 - Printed and Web site information from land grant
universities, the Extension Service, crop consultants or other
agricultural experts.
3 - Journals and logs that list the date of control measures and
application method, product, conditions, etc. (Include fungicide
labels).
4 - Producers should save any information, articles, etc., that
may have been used in the decision-making process for
controlling Asian soybean rust.
(Byline: Kent Thiesse, MinnStar Bank vice president)
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Soybean rust is caused by the fungus _Phakopsora pachyrhizi_
and was introduced into the USA in 2004. New strains with
increased virulence are emerging. Kudzu (_Pueraria lobata_),
also called Japanese arrowroot, is an introduced weed species.
Soybean rust has been placed on the EPPO alert list due to its
recent and rapid spread in the Americas - see <http://www.eppo.org/QUARANTINE/Alert_List/fungi/PHAKPA.htm>.
It is widespread in Asia and Africa, data are lacking concerning
its establishment in Europe. PCR - polymerase chain reaction -
is a highly specific molecular method using information on
genetic sequences for the reliable diagnosis of pathogens.
Maps:
current distribution of soybean rust in the US
<http://www.sbrusa.net/> worldwide distribution up until
December 2005 <http://www.eppo.org/QUARANTINE/Alert_List/fungi/maps/PHAKPA_map.htm>
Pictures of symptoms at:
<http://soybeanrust.unl.edu/soybean/siteImages/plantdate.gif>
and <http://soyrust.cropsci.uiuc.edu/images/blight1.jpg>
Links:
information on soybean rust
<http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/soybean_rust/background.shtml>
diagnostic fact sheet
<http://nt.ars-grin.gov/taxadescriptions/factsheets/index.cfm?thisapp=Phakopsorapachyrhizi>
- Mod.DHA]
[see also in the
archive:
Asian soybean rust, plant tissue - USA (IA) 20070410.1214
Soybean rust, Asian strain, update 2007 - USA 20070318.0952
2005
----
Soybean rust, Asian strain, kudzu control 20051006.2914
2004
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Soybean rust - USA: 1st report 20041110.3043]
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