A
ProMED-mail post
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases <http://www.isid.org>
Date: December 21, 2007
Source: USDA Public PIPE Website [edited] <http://www.sbrusa.net/cgi-bin/sbr/public.cgi>
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Soybean rust has now been found in 334
counties in the United States.
This is the highest number of counties reporting the disease
since it was 1st discovered in the continental US in 2004.
Soybean rust has now been detected in one Province in Canada, in
2 states (3 municipalities) in Mexico, and in 19 States and 334
counties in the US including: 40 counties in Alabama (19
soybean), 33 counties in Arkansas (soybean), 24 counties in
Florida (11 soybean), 51 counties in Georgia (14 soybean), 4
counties in Illinois (soybean), one county in Indiana (soybean),
14 counties in Iowa (soybean), 9 counties in Kansas (soybean), 3
counties in Kentucky (soybean), 21 parishes in Louisiana (18
soybean), 26 counties in Mississippi (21 soybean), 37 counties
in Missouri (soybean), 4 counties in Nebraska (soybean), 6
counties in North Carolina (soybean), 12 counties in Oklahoma
(soybean), 7 counties in South Carolina (soybean), 7 counties in
Tennessee (soybean), 26 counties in Texas (25 soybean), and 9
counties in Virginia (soybean). Soybean rust monitoring
continues only in the south on kudzu.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
[The fungus _Phakopsora pachyrhizi_ was identified in Japan in
1902 as the cause of soybean rust. It can cause premature
defoliation, with yield losses of up to 70 per cent reported on
farms in Asia. It is widespread in Asia and Africa, but data are
lacking concerning its establishment in Europe. The 1st
detection of _P. pachyrhizi_ in the New World was in Paraguay in
2001. It has a wide host range, unusual for rust fungi, and
besides soybean, a number of other species in the family of
_Fabaceae_ can also be affected. Weed species, for example kudzu
(Japanese arrowroot, _Pueraria lobata_), can serve as pathogen
reservoirs, and spores are spread by wind over long distances.
Fungicides may be used in disease management, and partially
resistant soybean lines are available. However, new strains of
_P. pachyrhizi_ with increased virulence and fungicide
resistances are emerging.
A less-virulent related species (_P. meibomiae_) is found in
South America and the Caribbean and also causes rust symptoms on
a similar range of hosts. Previously, these 2 species were
considered strains of the same species, with _P. pachyrhizi_
called the aggressive Asian strain, and _P. meibomiae_ called
the mild American strain.
_P. pachyrhizi_ was introduced into the USA in 2004 and has been
spreading since. At the end of 2006, soybean rust was present in
a total of 274 counties in 15 states including 26 in Alabama; 24
in Florida; 21 in South Carolina; 26 in Louisiana; 17 in
Georgia; 7 in Texas; 5 in Missouri; 9 in Mississippi; 42 in
North Carolina; 18 in Kentucky and Virginia, 8 in Illinois; 6 in
Indiana; 19 in Tennessee; 28 in Arkansas. Thus the disease was
discovered in 2007 for the 1st time in 4 states: Iowa, Kansas,
Nebraska and Oklahoma.
Worldwide, in 2007 _P. pachyrhizi_ was reported for the 1st time
from Ghana, Democratic Republic of Congo and Canada.
Maps
US states:
<http://www.census.gov/geo/www/us_regdiv.pdf>
Current distribution of soybean rust in the US:
<http://www.sbrusa.net/>
Worldwide distribution of soybean rust (December 2005):
<http://www.eppo.org/QUARANTINE/Alert_List/fungi/maps/PHAKPA_map.htm>
Pictures of soybean rust symptoms:
<http://soybeanrust.unl.edu/soybean/siteImages/plantdate.gif>
and via <http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/search/image/search_action.asp?keyword=soybean+rust&type=all&imagetype=&B1=Submit>
Links
Additional end of 2007 commentaries:
<http://www.brownfieldnetwork.com/gestalt/go.cfm?objectid=11DBE187-C82C-19FC-DB39147B3C75F014>,
<http://www.dtnsoybeanrustcenter.com/index.cfm?show=10&mid=85&pid=1>,
<http://www.dtnsoybeanrustcenter.com/index.cfm?show=10&mid=85&pid=4>
and <http://www.stopsoybeanrust.com/viewstory.asp?StoryID=216>
Information on soybean rust:
<http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/soybean_rust/background.shtml>
and
<http://www.eppo.org/QUARANTINE/Alert_List/fungi/PHAKPA.htm>
Diagnostic fact sheet:
<http://nt.ars-grin.gov/taxadescriptions/factsheets/index.cfm?thisapp=Phakopsorapachyrhizi>
Disease history and background:
<http://www.apsnet.org/online/feature/rust/>
Rust background, tracking, and current information:
<http://www.usda.gov/soybeanrust/>,
<http://www.stopsoybeanrust.com/>
and
<http://www.sbrusa.net/>
_P. pachyrhizi_ taxonomy:
<http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=121037>
_P. meibomiae_ taxonomy:
<http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=102469>
- Mod.DHA]
[see also in
the
archive:
Asian soybean rust - Canada: 1st report, (ON) 20071120.3751
Asian soybean rust - USA: spread & summary 2007 20071009.3315
Asian soybean rust - South Africa, USA (KS) 20070927.3197 Asian
soybean rust - Congo DR: 1st report 20070917.3086 Asian soybean
rust - Ghana: 1st report 20070820.2710 Asian soybean rust - USA:
northward spread 20070804.2527 Asian soybean rust, yam bean -
Mexico (VER) 20070721.2335 Soybean rust, Asian strain, update
2007 (02): USA 20070618.1972 Asian soybean rust, kudzu - US (LA)
20070517.1567 Asian soybean rust, plant tissue - USA (IA)
20070410.1214 Soybean rust, Asian strain, update 2007 - USA
20070318.0952 Soybean rust, Asian strain, update 2006 - USA
20070317.0942
2006
----
Soybean rust, Asian strain, soybean - USA (KY): 1st report
20061017.2985 Soybean rust, Asian strain - USA (IL): 1st report
20061014.2948 Soybean rust, Asian strain - Brazil 20060611.1628
Soybean rust - Mexico (02) 20060525.1476 Soybean rust - Mexico:
1st report 20060219.0546
2005
----
Soybean rust, Asian strain - USA: 2005 disease summary
20051228.3694 Soybean rust, Asian strain, kudzu control
20051006.2914 Soybean rust, Asian strain - Argentina (Misiones)
20051005.2907 Soybean rust, Asian strain - Uruguay 20050819.2435
Soybean rust - Argentina (Santa Fe)(02) 20050816.2397 Soybean
rust, dry beans - South Africa 20050210.0452 Soybean rust, Asian
strain - Argentina 20050119.0185
2004
----
Soybean rust, Asian strain - Brazil 20041222.3374 Soybean rust,
Asian strain - Brazil (multistate) 20041209.3266 Soybean rust,
Asian strain - Brazil (PR) 20041129.3186 Soybean rust - USA: 1st
report 20041110.3043 Soybean rust - Colombia (Cali)
20040827.2393 Soybean rust - Zimbabwe 20040212.0463
2003
----
Phakopsora pachyrhizi, soybean - Brazil 20031119.2873 Soybean
rust - Brazil 20030426.1022 Soybean rust - Brazil (Mato Grosso &
Bahia) 20030415.0917 Soybean rust - Zimbabwe (Arcturus)
20030222.0456 Soybean rust - Brazil (Sao Paulo State)
20030124.0214 Phakopsora sp., soybean, yield loss - Uganda
20030119.0176
2002
----
Phakopsora sp., soybean rust - S. Africa, Argentina
20021231.6167 Phakopsora sp., soybean rust - South Africa
20020206.3495 Phakopsora sp., rust, soybean - Zimbabwe
20020110.3220
2001
----
Phakopsora sp., soybean rust - South Africa (03) 20011213.3014
Phakopsora sp., soybean rust - South Africa (02) 20010405.0679
Phakopsora sp., soybean rust - S. Africa (confirmed)
20010322.0569 Phakopsora sp., soybean rust - South Africa
20010312.0505 Phakopsora sp., soybean rust - Africa (02)
20010310.0491 Phakopsora sp., soybean rust - Africa
20010309.0487 Phakopsora sp., soybean rust - Nigeria
20010309.0486]
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