June 6, 2005
Source: British Society for Plant Pathology, New Disease Reports, Vol. 11 [edited]
<http://www.bspp.org.uk/ndr/july2005/2005-20.asp>

Occurrence of cauliflower mosaic virus in different cruciferous plants in Iran
Sh. Farzadfar, Plant Virology Department, Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute, P.O. Box 19395-1454,
Tehran, Iran; R. Pourrahim (as for Farzadfar); A.R. Golnaraghi, Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Campus, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 14515-775, Tehran, Iran; and A. Ahoonmanesh, Plant Pathology Department, College of Agriculture, Esfahan University of Technology, Esfahan, Iran Accepted for publication 11 Mar 2005.

Surveys were conducted to determine the occurrence of Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) in cruciferous crops grown in Fars province of Iran, during the summer and early autumn of 2003. Leaf samples were collected from different cruciferous plants _Brassica oleracea_ var. _acephala_, _B._oleracea_ var. _botrytis_, _B.oleracea_ var.
_capitata_, _B. oleracea_ var. _italica_, and _B. rapa_) showing mottling, banding mosaic, necrotic spots, malformation and chlorosis symptoms.

These samples were tested for the presence of CaMV by DAS-ELISA using specific polyclonal antibodies (kindly provided by Dr S. Winter, DSMZ, BBA Messeweg 11/12, As No. 0206 Braunschweig, Germany). Sap from symptomatic leaves was used for mechanical inoculation of a range of indicator hosts including, _B. rapa_, _B. napus_, _B. pekinensis_, _Raphanus sativus_ (_Brassicaceae_) and _Datura metel_ (_Solanaceae_). All CaMV isolates tested induced mosaic symptoms on the cruciferous indicator plants, however, one isolate (Ca-Sh1)
infected _D. metel_ systemically. All CaMV strains infect a wide range of cruciferous plants but some are also able to infect solanaceous hosts. The biological and serological data were confirmed by PCR amplification of a DNA fragment of the expected size (approximately 750 bp), corresponding to CaMV-gene II, using specific primers.

CaMV is widely distributed in temperate regions and brassica crops tend to become infected wherever they are grown. CaMV has previously been reported from Iran on oilseed rape (_B. napus_).

To our knowledge, this is the 1st report of the natural occurrence of CaMV on _B. oleracea_ var. _acephala_, _B.oleracea_ var. _botrytis_, _B. oleracea_ var. _capitata_, _B. oleracea_ var. _italica_ and _B. rapa_ in Iran.

References

Agama K, Beach J, Schoelz J, Leisner SM, 2002. The 5' third of Cauliflower mosaic virus gene VI conditions resistance breakage in Arabidopsis Ecotype Tsu-0. Phytopathology 92, 190-196.

Schoelz JE, Shepherd RJ, 1988. Host range control of cauliflower mosaic virus. Virology 162, 30-37.

Shahraeen N, Farzadfar Sh, Lesemann DE, 2003. Incidence of viruses infecting winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera) in Iran. Journal of Phytopathology 151, 614-616.

Shepherd RJ, 1981. Cauliflower mosaic virus. AAB Descriptions of Plant Viruses No. 243. Wellesbourne, UK: Association of Applied Biologists.

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[CaMV is found worldwide, especially in temperate areas of the United States and Europe. Its natural host range is limited to the _Cruciferae_ (cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, and others). The main sources of CaMV are infected brassica crops or cruciferous weeds on which any of several aphid species have overwintered. It is often found as a mixed infection with Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), resulting in more severe synergistic symptoms than when either virus is present alone. Disease management requires adequate weed control and sanitation, especially the rapid plowdown of previous crops. Transplant beds should be isolated from commercial crop fields and overwintering cruciferous weed hosts. Symptoms of CaMV are often confused with those of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Resistance to CaMV is found in most cabbage cultivars. - Mod.DH

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