August 8, 2005
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
Source: News agency Region45.ru; 26 Jul 2005 [edited] <http://www.region45.ru/news/3098.html=20>

Potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis), Kurgan oblast, Russia

According to Maxim Plotnikov, the deputy chief supervisor of plant quarantine, Regional Management of Russian Supervision, 2 settlements in the Katajskiy region (Ushakovskoe and Ilinskoe) are under quarantine due to the presence of potato cyst nematodes

Potato cyst nematodes are also present in Kargapolsky, Belozersky and Shadrinsky districts of the region. In the village of Olhovka in the Shadrinskiy district, experts have recorded the presence of potato cyst nematodes for about 10 years. A quarantine has been imposed on 18 areas.

The 1st time agronomists tried to control the nematodes with chemicals did not bring appreciable results. Then experts located foci of infection and distributed nematode-resistant cultivars at no charge to residents.

Crop losses were estimated to be from 30-80 percent due to the nematode infestation. [There has been?] introduction of specific potato varieties that contain substances that ward off the pathogen.

[Byline: Tatyana Andreeva]

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ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[The Kurgan region is located in the southwest of the West Siberian plain. It borders the Sverdlovsk Region in the north and northwest, the Chelyabinsk region in the west and southwest, Kazakhstan in the south and southeast, and the Tjumen region in the east and northeast. - Corresp.NP]

[Potato cyst nematodes [PCNs] are major pests of the potato crop in cool-temperate areas. Because of the present pathotypes, no resistant cultivars are available for planting. This is more serious in the case of _G. pallida_. The amount of damage, particularly in relation to the weight of tubers produced, is closely related to the number of nematode eggs per unit of soil. It has been estimated that approximately 2 t/ha of potatoes are lost for every 20 eggs/g soil. Up to 80 percent of the crop can be lost when nematode populations are raised to very high levels by continual potato cultivation.

Control is traditionally by crop rotation, which in the absence of  potato cultivation will reduce nematode populations significantly. 7 years without potatoes is a common recommendation.

More recently, crop rotation has been supplemented by use of nematicides (fumigants or granular systemic compounds). Integration of these methods can be used to keep the nematode population levels below economic thresholds. Control on tomatoes is chiefly by soil fumigants.

Both PCN species are A2 quarantine pests for EPPO (OEPP/EPPO, 1978; 1981). They are also of quarantine significance for APPPC and NAPPO. In addition, _G. rostochiensis_ is a quarantine pest for CPPC and IAPSC.

PCN are already established in most or all areas in the EPPO region that are important for the cultivation of potatoes for consumption or the production of starch; therefore, regular attention to control is needed in such areas. Where domestic legislative measures are in force, import regulations are justified to ensure comparable
standards for imported material. It is essential that seed production areas be kept as free as possible from these nematodes.

_G. pallida_ is generally less common than _G. rostochiensis_ in most of the EPPO region (with the exception of the southern part of the UK) and is absent from some countries. It therefore merits greater attention from the phytosanitary standpoint. At some time in the future, it may be worthwhile to consider the individual pathotypes as being the quarantine organisms, rather than the 2 species themselves. It is obvious that some pathotypes are very widely distributed, and furthermore some are more economically important than others. Unfortunately, information is still limited on the precise distribution of the pathotypes.

Links:
<http://www.eppo.org/QUARANTINE/nematodes/Globodera_pallida/HETDSP_ds.pdf>
<http://www.afsni.ac.uk/Services/Potato_Cyst_Nematode/potato2.htm>
<http://www.defra.gov.uk/planth/publicat/techpap.pdf>
<http://www.afsni.ac.uk/Services/Potato_Cyst_Nematode/Default.htm>
-Mod.DH]

[see also in the archive:
Potato cyst nematodes, Russia (Altai Region) 20050707.1921
2004
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Potato cyst nematodes, survey - UK (England, Wales) 20040106.0056 Potato cyst nematodes - Croatia 20040830.2420 Potato cyst nematode - Indonesia (Malang) 20040821.2326 2002
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Potato nematodes, potato - Czech Republic 20020106.3168
Potato cyst nematode, potato - Hungary 20021012.5538
Potato cyst nematode, potato - Czech Republic 20021228.6141]