A selection of perennial grasses imported from Queensland is
promising to be an all-round winner for Western Australian
farmers.
The Western Australia
Department of Agriculture has been evaluating the grasses in
association with the North Midlands-based Evergreen
Farming group.
The trials will build on research done as part of the
Sustainable Grazing Systems (SGS) program, with Meat and
Livestock Australia, on the well-known perennial grass kikuyu.
Trials on the South Coast have shown that kikuyu can boost
carrying stocking rates, and therefore gross margins, while at
the same time reducing the risk of salinity.
Department research officer Paul Sanford said in some cases,
the Queensland grasses could be even more impressive than
kikuyu.
"Kikuyu requires heavy grazing to maintain reasonable forage
quality and a strong subclover content, which may not suit all
producers," Mr Sanford said.
"A number of the Queensland grasses are higher quality,
tufted and will maintain forage quality under grazing systems
that include rest and as a consequence may be more suitable for
meat production, particularly cattle."
A trial at Wellstead has already shown promise with the four
top-performers, Gaton panic, Signal grass, Solader sectaria and
Spenda setaria, yielding well over 1.5 tonne per plot, 70-78 per
cent digestible dry matter and 13.3-15pc crude protein content.
Mr Sanford is also keen to determine whether the Queensland
grasses are as effective as kikuyu in reducing water recharge
and therefore reduce the risk of salinity.
"The South Coast SGS trials indicate that deep rooted
perennials, like kikuyu, will substantially reduce groundwater
recharge in soil profiles that do not inhibit the development of
deep root systems," Mr Sanford said.
"The results suggest that if kikuyu were to make up 40 per
cent of the total arable area of a farm, reduced deep drainage
beneath the perennial could potentially reduce the eventual
extent of salinity by 25 per cent and delay its onset by 40
years."
The Esperance demonstration trial has also indicated a
significant increase in carrying capacity on paddocks sown with
kikuyu.
"Over the three year trial, the combined system of annual and
kikuyu pasture was calculated to have a gross margin 10 per cent
higher than the annual pasture alone," Mr Sanford said.
"That’s because there was no need for supplementary feeding
due to the year-round supply of feed."
There are now plans to integrate some of this research into
the work being done by the Salinity Co-operative Research
Centre, later in the year.
"The challenge now is to identify new summer active perennial
pasture species for alternative situations, such as lower
rainfall environments, which can improve livestock production,
while significantly reducing groundwater recharge," Mr Sanford
said.
"We need to understand how these perennials fit into the
whole farm system, the grazing management required to optimise
livestock production and perennial plant persistence, plus the
implications for the long-term sustainability of Western
Australian agriculture."