A ProMED-mail post <http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases <http://www.isid.org>
Date: February 2019
Source: European Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) Reporting Service 02/2019/027 [edited] <https://gd.eppo.int/reporting/article-6457>
A new haplotype of '_Candidatus_ Liberibacter solanacearum' [Lso; EPPO
A1 quarantine list] (haplotype U) has been described from Finland. It was found in the psyllid, _Trioza urticae_, and its host plant, _Urticae dioica_ (stinging nettle; Urticaceae). This is the first report of Lso in a plant that belongs to neither Solanaceae nor Apiaceae. It is not known if this haplotype poses a risk to crops in Europe (Haapalainen et al. Phytopathology 2018; 108: 925-934.
<https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PHYTO-12-17-0410-R>).
An unknown haplotype of Lso was also detected in a single specimen of _Trioza urticae_ from a suction trap in Germany (Sjolund et al. J Plant Diseases & Protection 2019; 126: 89-92.
<https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs41348-018-0187-z>).
A new haplotype of Lso (haplotype F) has been described from the USA in potato (_Solanum tuberosum_). Up to now only haplotypes A and B were found in potato in the USA. This is the 7th haplotype described (Swisher Grimm & Garczynski. Plant Disease 2019, early view:
<https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PDIS-06-18-0937-RE>).
--
communicated by: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
[Only a few members of _Candidatus_ Liberibacter have been characterised so far, including the pathogens causing citrus greening (see previous ProMED-mail posts in the archives) which is limited to these crops due to the host specificity of the psyllid vectors.
_Ca._ Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso) was found to be associated with zebra chip (ZC) of potato, as well as a yellowing disease of tomato and capsicum in New Zealand. Lso has since also been associated with yellowing diseases of other solanaceous crops and some crops in the family Apiaceae. Main vectors of Lso are the potato psyllid (_Bactericera cockerelli_) in solanaceous host and carrot psyllids (_Trioza apicalis_, _Bactericera trigonica_) in Apiaceae. These vectors have a much wider host range than the greening vectors and additional vector species are also being identified, further extending potential host range and economic impact of Lso.
The Lso species is divided into haplotypes: A and B affecting Solanaceae; C, D and E affecting Apiaceae. Both groups of haplotypes have been reported from the Americas and New Zealand. Carrot haplotypes have been reported from Europe (ProMED-mail posts http://promedmail.org/post/20120713.1199961,
http://promedmail.org/post/20151009.3702151,
http://promedmail.org/post/20161130.4666613), northern Africa (ProMED-mail post http://promedmail.org/post/20141121.2978030) and the Middle East (ProMED-mail post http://promedmail.org/post/20170130.4803773). Potato haplotypes A & B are still considered absent from the European/Mediterranean region.
However, haplotype E was recently also detected in potatoes in Spain [ProMED-mail post http://promedmail.org/post/20170802.5222241],
representing the 1st report of a haplotype being able to infect both Apiaceae and Solanaceae.
The reports of additional haplotypes, hosts and vector species above further add to the complexity of the epidemiology and biology of this species. A lot more research is needed on Lso, its global distribution and any potential biosecurity implications.
Maps
Europe, overview:
<https://mapofeurope.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/europe-political-map.jpg>
USA:
<http://www.mapsofworld.com/usa/usa-state-and-capital-map.html>
Pictures
Lso affected carrot:
<http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/figure/image?size=medium&id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0161016.g002>
and
<https://gd.eppo.int/media/data/taxon/L/LIBEPS/pics/1024x0/1939.jpg>
(compared with healthy)
Lso symptoms on tomato:
<http://nwdistrict.ifas.ufl.edu/phag/files/2014/10/Fig-7-PY-Dufault.jpg>
and
<http://tinyurl.com/y5zcfqvm> (Western Australia Dept. Primary
Industries)
Zebra chip of potato:
<http://www.agriculture.gov.au/SiteCollectionImages/pests-diseases-weeds/zebra-chip-1.jpg>,
<http://www.digitaljournal.com/img/4/2/9/0/i/4/1/7/o/8ab1aa702fece1872973ac17aec85b6f.jpg>
(processed infected tuber, compared with healthy) and <http://bit.ly/2lVfcQ6> Lso, microscopy:
<http://bacmap.wishartlab.com/system/images/1223/medium/Candidatus_Liberibacter.jpg?1319706599>
Lso photo gallery:
<https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/LIBEPS/photos>
Carrot psyllid:
<https://www.britishbugs.org.uk/homoptera/Psylloidea/Psyllidae_images/Trioza_apicalis_2.jpg>
Links
Information on _Ca._ Liberibacter solanacearum:
<https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/LIBEPS>,
<http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/epp.12043/pdf>,
<http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/109434>,
<http://www.rhizobia.co.nz/downloads/Weir_CS23.pdf>
Lso haplotypes:
<http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10658-012-0121-3/fulltext.html>
and
<http://tinyurl.com/y5ghxur2> (French Agency for Food & Environment) Information on Lso psyllid vectors:
<http://www.apsnet.org/publications/plantdisease/2012/April/Pages/96_4_581.3.aspx>,
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20857712>,
<http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2012.00551.x/full>,
<http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aab.12149/abstract> and <http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0161016>
Information on potato zebra chip disease:
<http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/257488> and <http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10658-010-9702-1/fulltext.html>
_Ca._ L. solanacearum taxonomy:
<http://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/556287>
Information and resources for psyllids:
<http://www.psyllids.org/>
EPPO A1 quarantine list:
<http://www.eppo.int/QUARANTINE/listA1.htm>
- Mod.DHA]
[See Also:
Liberibacter solanacearum - Tunisia (1st report), Finland
http://promedmail.org/post/20190213.6311149
2018
---
Zebra chip liberibacter, potato psyllid - Canada
http://promedmail.org/post/20180314.5682378
Liberibacter, carrot - Portugal: 1st rep
http://promedmail.org/post/20180129.5593290
Liberibacter solanacearum, parsley - Australia: 1st rep (NS)
http://promedmail.org/post/20180105.5538875
2017
---
Liberibacter, carrot - Greece: 1st rep (TC)
http://promedmail.org/post/20171112.5435078
Liberibacter solanacearum, potato - Spain: (CB)
http://promedmail.org/post/20170802.5222241
Liberibacter, carrot - Israel: 1st rep
http://promedmail.org/post/20170130.4803773
2016
---
Liberibacter, carrot - Sweden: (HA)
http://promedmail.org/post/20161130.4666613
2015
---
Liberibacter, carrot - Germany: 1st rep (NI)
http://promedmail.org/post/20151009.3702151
Liberibacter, solanaceous crops - Norfolk Island: 1st rep.
http://promedmail.org/post/20150417.3303297
2014
---
Liberibacter, carrot - Africa: 1st rep, Morocco
http://promedmail.org/post/20141121.2978030
and older items in the archives]
Topics
Species
