Date of publication: April 24,
2006
Source:
http://gmoinfo.jrc.it/gmp_browse_geninf.asp
Notification number:
B/ES/06/41
Member State:Spain
Date of Acknowledgement:21/02/2006
Title of the Project: Introgression to the red rice
weed.
Proposed period of release From:01/05/2006
To:30/10/2006
Name of the Institute(s) or Company(ies): IRTA
(Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries);
3. Is the same GMPt release planned elsewhere in the
Community?
No
4 - Has the same GMPt been notified elsewhere by the same
notifier?
Yes
If yes, notification number(s):
B/ES/03/37; B/ES/05/24
Genetically
modified plant
1. Complete name of the
recipient or parental plant(s)
|
Common Name
|
Family Name
|
Genus |
Species
|
Subspecies
|
Cultivar/breeding line
|
| rice
|
poaceae |
oryza
|
oryza
sativa |
|
Senia
|
2. Description of the traits and characteristics which have
been introduced or modified, including marker genes and previous
modifications:
One transgenic line (named G9-bar) containing the bar gene,
conferring resistance to the herbicide ammonium glifosinate will
be used.
Genetic
modification
3. Type of genetic
modification:
Insertion;
4. In case of insertion of genetic material, give the source
and intended function of each constituent fragment of the region
to be inserted:
Line G9-bar: pUbi:bar:tnos
The source and function of each constituent fragments are:
pUbi: function: ubiquitin constitutive promoter (Christensen et
al., 1992)
Source: Zea mays
tNos: function: nopaline-syntase terminator.
Source: pTiT37 plasmid from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
lacZ alpha: function: beta-galactosidase codifying sequence. It
is not express in plants, only in bacteria.
Source: Escherichia coli
bar: function: phosfinotricine acetyl transferase codifying
sequence.
Source: Stretomyces hygroscopicus
6. Brief description of the method used for the genetic
modification:
Rice Senia cv was modified by using the Agrobacterium
mediated transformation technique according to Pons et al, 2000.
The vector used was the pCambia 3300.
7. If the recipient or parental plant is a forest tree
species, describe ways and extent of dissemination and specific
factors affecting dissemination:
Not applicable.
Experimental
Release
1. Purpose of the release:
In previous studies, we demonstrated that hybridization
between transgenic and red rice takes place in some extent
(Messeguer et al., 2004) but there are not enough data to
establish de degree of introgression that could take place when
a proper agricultural technique focused to the control of this
weed is applied.
This field trial is aimed at assess the introgression of
transgenes into red rice, the only one weed compatible with
cultivated rice in Europe. This field trial was planned for 3
years (2004-2006). As it was described in the SNIF from
B/ES/03/37, transgenic plants with a different molecular marker
will be used in each year in combination with three different
agricultural practices, the most commonly used by rice growers
to control the red rice weed. Moreover, the first year a known
number of red rice plants, equivalent to a high infestation
level were planted among transgenic plants. This strategy will
allow, at the end of the field trial, to evaluate the
contribution of each year to the final introgression produced
and will give a valuable overview of the effect of the different
agricultural methods on red rice control among the three years
of culture. The plots were divided in three sections in such a
way that on 2004 the line S-bar-gus was planted. On 2005, line
S-bar-gfp was planted in 2/3 parts of the plot whereas this
year, only the 1/3 of the plot will be planted with the S-bar
line, named G9-bar. Non-transgenic plants from the same variety
will surround all these plots. At the end of the growing season
samples of red rice seeds from each sub-parcel and from
surrounding non-transgenic plants will be analyzed to determine
the hybridization and the introgression rate.
Genes transferred to transgenic plants used in this release do
not represent any selective advantage in comparison with
non-transgenic plants, except in the use of ammonium glufosinate
herbicide. Nevertheless, this herbicide is not currently used in
rice crop. Safety of phosphinothricin acetyltransferase is well
known.
Studies carried out in greenhouse conditions have shown that
introduced gene do not change the dissemination ability of
transgenic plants and that its agricultural behavior is similar
to that of non-transgenic plants.
2. Geographical location of the site:
IRTA Experimental Station. (Amposta) Tarragona, Spain.
3. Size of the site (m2):
Four plots of 5 x 10 m2 with 16 transgenic plants/m2. Each
one of these plots will be surrounded by non transgenic Senia cv
occupying a total surface of 550 m2.
4. Relevant data regarding previous releases carried out with
the same GM-plant, if any, specifically related to the potential
environmental and human health impacts from the release:
A circular field trials designs (B/ES/00/07 and B/ES/01/07)
were carried out to assess the frequency of pollen-mediated gene
flow from a transgenic rice line S 1B, harbouring the gusA gene
and the bar gene encoding respectively ß-glucuronidase and
phosphinothricin acetyl transferase as markers, to conventional
rice in the Spanish japonica cultivars Senia. Frequencies of
gene flow based on detection of herbicide resistant, GUS
positive seedlings among seed progenies of recipient plants and
averaged over all the wind directions were 0.086 ± 0.007.
However, a clear asymmetric distribution was observed with
pollination frequency favoured in plants placed under the local
dominant winds. Southern analyses confirmed the hemizygous
status and the origin of the transgenes in progenies of
surviving, GUS positive plants. Examination of the influence on
gene flow frequency of the distance from the transgenic source
to recipient plots of conventional rice planted at 1, 2, 5 and
10 m distance revealed a clear decrease with increasing distance
which was less dramatic under the dominant wind direction. The
precise determination of the local wind conditions at flowering
period and pollination day time appear of primary importance for
setting up suitable isolation distances.
The same field trials designs were used to evaluate the gene
flow to red rice placed at different distances from the
transgenic plants and how the wind could influence the gene flow
to red rice plants growing in the borders. Frequencies of gene
flow averaged over all the wind directions were 0.036 ± 0.006 %.
However, as in the case of conventional rice, a clear asymmetric
distribution was observed with pollination frequency favored in
plants placed under the local dominant winds. Nevertheless
within a commercial transgenic rice field the influence of the
wind appears a less determinant factor because red rice plants
usually will grow isolated or in patches surrounded by
transgenic plants and consequently can be pollinated by all of
them. On the other hand, the wind influence on cross-pollination
has to be taken into account for the plants growing in the
borders. This is a very essential question to consider because
the real introgression of the genes will be minimized inside the
field by the usual control practices tending to destroy the red
rice but the wild plants in the borders can act as reservoirs of
the transgenic characters. Moreover, although the gene flow
values are relatively low, the shattering and dormancy of the
red rice seeds, which ensure their persistence in the field,
lead into an undesirable effect of durability of the transferred
genes. In consequence, whether one wants to avoid gene flow to
the red rice, crop management has to be changed. In this sense,
the field trial planned here will allows us to evaluate how
different agricultural practices may control the effective
introgression of transgenes into the red rice.
Environmental
Impact and Risk Management
Summary of the potential
environmental impact from the release of the GMPts:
Introduced genes could not confer an increased selective
advantage in natural environments to transgenic plants because
the herbicide ammonium glufosinate is not commonly use in rice
fields.
One of the most potential environmental impacts of the release
of the GMPts is the risk of transgene spread throughout
cross-pollination. As has been described in C.4, we have
quantified the gene flow by using circular designs. It is very
important to establish at what degree the introgression of
transgenes to the red rice takes place in field conditions and
to know if it can be controlled by the agricultural practices
commonly used in controlling this weed.
Brief description of any measures taken for the management of
risks:
To prevent out-crossing with neighboring rice fields the
trial will be located 15 m from any conventional rice field. It
has to be taken into account that the security distance
recommended by plant breeders is of 10 m.
Field trial will be keep free of weeds with the exception of red
rice. Weekly controls of agronomic traits will be performed.
At the end of culture, seed samples will be harvested manually.
The rest of seed will be burned. The vegetal parts incorporated
in the soil. The plot will be monitoring for re-growth and
eventual volunteer plants will be eradicated In case of an
emergency the plants can be destroyed mechanically or by
applying herbicides.
Summary of foreseen field trial studies focused to gain new
data on environmental and human health impact from the release:
As described in C.4 and D, these field trials will contribute
to better knowledge on gene flow in rice and to establish proper
regulations to be applied in case transgenic rice plants could
be introduced in Europe.
Final report
-
European
Commission administrative information
Consent given by the Competent
Authority: Not Known |
