July 30, 2004
From: American Phytopathological Society, Plant Disease Notes
[edited]
First report of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in cucumber (Cucumis
sativus) in India.
Raj Verma, Satya Prakash, and S. P. S. Tomer, Indian
Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Agricultural
College Estate, P.O. Shivajinagar, Pune-411 005, India. Plant
Dis. 88:906, 2004; published on-line as D-2004-0602-01N, 2004.
Accepted for publication 17 Feb 2004.
In August of 2002, cucumber (_Cucumis sativus_ L. cv. Himangi)
plants grown in commercial fields in Pune, western Maharashtra,
India, exhibited chlorotic spots, veinal chlorosis, mosaic,
blister formation and shoestring symptoms on leaves, stunted
growth, and distortion of fruits. Incidence of virus infection
in the fields varied from 25-38 percent.
Crude sap extracted from infected cucumber leaf samples was
inoculated mechanically onto cucumber and indicator host plants.
The inoculated glasshouse-grown cucumber plants showed virus
symptoms similar to those observed in the field. The virus
produced chlorotic local lesions on _Chenopodium amaranticolor_
and chlorotic spots followed by veinal chlorosis, mosaic, vein
banding, and leaf distortion on _Citrullus lanatus_, _C. melo_,
_C. sativus_, _Cucurbita maxima_, _Cucurbita pepo_, _Luffa
acutangula_, and _Trichosanthes anguina_. The virus did not
infect _Nicotiana benthamiana_, _N. glutinosa_, or _N. tabacum_
cv. White Burley (1,2).
Cucumber and indicator plants were tested using direct antigen
coating enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A positive reaction
was obtained with monoclonal antiserum to Zucchini yellow mosaic
virus (ZYMV) but not with antisera to Papaya ringspot virus-P,
Cucumber mosaic virus, or Watermelon mosaic virus (Agdia,
Inc., Elkhart, Indiana).
The disease was observed
again in the field during July to September 2003. Natural
infection of zucchini (_Cucurbita pepo_) by ZYMV has been
reported previously from India (3). To our knowledge, this is
the 1st report of ZYMV in cucumber in India.
References:
(1) H. Pospieszny et al. Plant Dis. 87:1399, 2003.
(2) R. Provvidenti et al. Plant Dis. 68:443, 1984.
(3) S. J. Singh et al. Indian Phytopathol. 56:174, 2003.
[Zucchini yellow potymosaic virus (ZYMV), recognized in 1981,
has spread from its origins in Italy and France to 22 countries
on 5 continents. Originally named muskmelon yellow stunt virus,
later changed to ZYMV, it often causes devastating epidemics.
The disease is extremely difficult to control with insecticides,
reflective mulches, and mineral oils. Better results can be
obtained with resistant cultivars.
Resistance is present in some lines of _Cucumis sativus_ from
China and in an accession of _C. melo_ from India.
Unfortunately, this resistance is strain-specific and thus not
effective against a 2nd pathotype. Resistance is available in a
wild squash (_Cucurbita ecuadorensis_) and in a _C. moschata_
line from Nigeria.
All tested commercial cultivars of _Citrullus lanatus_
(watermelon) are susceptible, but resistance is available in
some accessions of _C. colocynthis_ from Nigeria. A very high
level of resistance was found in some races of _C. lanatus_ from
Zimbabwe, but it confers resistance to the Florida strain only.
In recent years, new squash lines possessing the coat protein
gene of this virus have been developed and proved to be
resistant under field conditions. The ZYMV coat protein gene has
also been incorporated into melon and cucumber.
Useful references:
-
http://www.apsnet.org/online/feature/pumpkin/zuccyell.html
-
http://www.apsnet.org/online/feature/BioTechnology/Engineering.html
- Mod.DH]
