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Date: Thu 15 Aug 2024
Source: New Disease Reports [summ. Mod.DHA, edited]
https://doi.org/10.1002/ndr2.12302


Citation: FC Santa Cruz et al. (2024): First report of maize streak virus affecting maize in the Philippines. New Disease Reports 50; DOI: 10.1002/ndr2.12302
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Maize with typical symptoms of maize streak disease was observed in 2 regions in the Philippines during 2023 surveys. The disease is caused by maize streak virus (MSV). MSV is a serious constraint of maize production in many African and some Asian countries.

Leaf samples from 28 diseased plants were tested for the presence of MSV using PCR. MSV was detected in 21 of the samples. Control samples from 3 healthy plants were negative for MSV. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolates had highest identity (98.68%) with the MSV-A strains from Zimbabwe and South Africa. This is the 1st detection of MSV affecting maize in the Philippines.

Field surveillance is being conducted in other areas to determine the distribution and extent of the disease and to identify the local leafhopper vectors. In the meantime, the concerned agencies are providing effective disease management recommendations to prevent further spread of MSV.

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Communicated by:
PestLens
<PestLens@usda.gov>

[Other than maize, _Maize streak virus_ (MSV; type species of genus _Mastrevirus_) can also severely affect other cereals, such as wheat, oats, barley, rye, millets, sorghum, as well as sugarcane and wild grasses (Poaceae). Symptoms can vary depending on host species or cultivar, as well virus strain and timing of infection. Symptoms may include white to yellowish streaking on leaves; severe stunting of plants; abnormal bunching of flowers and shoots; reddish pigmentation of leaves. Yield losses of 55% and more have been reported, depending on time of infection in the crop cycle.

The virus is transmitted by leafhoppers, including _Cicadulina mbila_ and _C. bipunctella zeae_, in a persistent manner. Disease management may include eradication of grassy weeds which may serve as pathogen reservoirs, as well as vector control. Some maize cultivars with levels of virus resistance or tolerance are available for some of the affected regions.

MSV is part of the African streak virus group of the mastreviruses which also includes _Maize streak Réunion virus_ (MSRV), _Sugarcane streak virus_ (SSV), _Sugarcane streak Réunion virus_ (SSRV) and _Panicum streak virus_ (PanSV). These viruses are important pathogens of cereal crops and are transmitted by leafhopper vectors (family Cicadellidae).

Pictures
Maize streak disease:
https://cropserve.co.zw/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/maize-streak-virus-flicker.jpg,
https://media.sciencephoto.com/image/c0070328/800wm/C0070328-Maize_streak_virus_infected_plants.jpg, and
https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4006/4621045661_08cf6f504c_z.jpg
MSV, electron micrograph:
https://media.sciencephoto.com/image/m0800071/800wm/M0800071-Maize_streak_virus,_TEM.jpg and
https://bsppjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/96492873-57d6-4b4b-bb69-905e7c9d896e/mpp_568_f2.gif

Links
Information on MSV and maize streak disease:
https://doi.org/10.1079/pwkb.species.32620 (with pictures),
http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showdpv/?dpvno=416,
https://infonet-biovision.org/PlantHealth/MinorPests/Maize-streak-virus,
https://doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.32620,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76612-2 (diagnosis),
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00568.x,
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.51984 and
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1988.tb02198.x
Virus taxonomy via:
https://ictv.global/taxonomy
PestLens:
https://pestlens.info/

Website: http://www.isid.org

Published: October 3, 2024