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Tomato mottle mosaic virus on pea in China: new host


A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org

Date: Sep 2021
Source: European Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) Reporting Service 09/2021/185 [edited]
https://gd.eppo.int/reporting/article-7124

In southern China, _Tomato mottle mosaic virus_ (_Tobamovirus_, ToMMV - EPPO Alert List) was detected in symptomatic plants of green pea (_Pisum sativum_) in 2020. This is the first report of natural infection of ToMMV in a non-solanaceous plant.

[Source publication: https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-21-0280-PDN]

--
Communicated by:
ProMED
<promed@promedmail.org>

[_Tomato mottle mosaic virus_ (ToMMV; genus _Tobamovirus_) can affect tomato and capsicum, resulting in unmarketable fruits in both crops. Symptoms may include necrotic lesions, chlorosis, distortion and mottle on leaves, as well as necrosis on fruits. A disease incidence of up to 87% has been reported in tomato. The virus has also been reported in aubergine in mixed infection with _Tobacco mild green mosaic virus_, but its role in symptom development in this crop is as yet unclear. Chickpea has been reported as an asymptomatic host.

ToMMV is very stable and can be spread by mechanical means (human activities, insect damage, plant-to-plant contact), with contaminated agricultural tools, infected plant material (cuttings, tomato transplants, crop debris), contaminated soil, water, as well as by insect pollinators used in some commercial crops. Volunteer crop plants and solanaceous weed species are potential pathogen reservoirs. Similar to _Tomato brown rugose fruit virus_ (ToBRFV; see ProMED post 20200206.6959141), resistance genes used in some tomato cultivars to protect from other tobamoviruses, such as _Tomato mosaic virus_, do not appear to be effective against ToMMV.

Many tobamoviruses are seed transmitted, and its fast international spread suggested that this is also the case for ToMMV, at least in tomato and capsicum. Capsicum and tomato seeds imported from Europe and North America for sowing have been found to be positive for ToMMV in Australia (see link below). While virus transmission to seedlings germinated from infected seeds remains to be confirmed, the evidence for its presence on or in commercial seed confirms the potential of introducing the virus to new areas in this manner.

For some tobamovirus species, seed coat surface sterilisation is effective in preventing transmission to new seedlings, suggesting that these viruses are carried on the outside of seeds. However, for some species such as _Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus_ (see previous ProMED posts in the archives), surface sterilisation of seeds does not seem to prevent transmission, suggesting these viruses may be carried within the endosperm since seed-transmitted tobamoviruses are thought to be absent from embryos.

Disease management of tobamoviruses relies mainly on exclusion, but may include phytosanitation (disinfecting of tools, removal of crop debris) and control of weed reservoirs. Use of certified clean seeds or seedling transplants is crucial. Among the seed-borne viruses, tobamoviruses are currently considered a risk for crop production worldwide due to increasing global seed trade.

ToMMV is considered an emerging virus in Europe on tomato and capsicum. It is spreading in the region (e.g. see link below for recent detection in Mauritius; with grateful thanks to M. Orabi). A pest risk analysis (PRA) is under development by EPPO. With symptomatic leguminous hosts now confirmed above, a potential additional risk to these important crops appears likely.


Maps
China:
http://www.beijing-travels.com/image/chinamap.jpg
Europe, overview:
http://www.edinphoto.org.uk/0_MAPS/0_map_europe_political_2001_enlarged.jpg

Pictures
ToMMV symptoms on tomato:
https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/na101/home/literatum/publisher/aps/journals/content/pdis/2017/pdis.2017.101.issue-5/pdis-10-16-1504-re/20170402/images/medium/pdis-10-16-1504-re_f4.gif

Links
First report of ToMMV in Mauritius:
https://doi.org/10.1002/ndr2.12041 (with grateful thanks to M. Orabi)
Information on ToMMV:
https://www.eppo.int/ACTIVITIES/plant_quarantine/alert_list_viruses/tomato_mottle_mosaic_virus,
https://www.agriculture.gov.au/import/goods/plant-products/seeds-for-sowing/emergency-measures-tommv-qa (including details of seed consignments tested in Australia),
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312230831_Molecular_and_biological_characterization_of_Tomato_mottle_mosaic_virus_and_development_of_RT-PCR_detection (characterisation),
<https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/TOMMV0
,
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/063255v1.full (Spain),
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10658-019-01762-7 (Brazil) and
https://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12985-016-0676-2 (China)
International spread of tobamoviruses by seeds (review):
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321639141_Seed_Transmission_of_Tobamoviruses_Aspects_of_Global_Disease_Distribution
Virus taxonomy via:
https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/
EPPO alert list:
https://www.eppo.int/ACTIVITIES/plant_quarantine/alert_list
- Mod.DHA]

See Also

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus - Syria: 1st rep 20210915.8669375
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus - Austria, Switzerland: 1st reps 20210811.8585572
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus - Turkey: (AL) 20210524.8377530
2020
----
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus - Italy: (SC) 20201112.7936491
Tomato mottle mosaic virus, capsicum seed - Australia: interception 20200210.6976116
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus - Africa: 1st rep (Egypt) 20200507.7307615
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus - Spain: 1st rep (AN) 20200206.6959141
2019
----
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus - China: 1st rep (SD) 20190903.6654138
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus - UK, Turkey: 1st reps 20190722.6580891
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus - Germany: 1st rep (NW) 20190117.6264517
and additional items on tobamoviruses in the archives



More news from: ISID (International Society for Infectious Diseases)


Website: http://www.isid.org

Published: October 22, 2021

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