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On seed machinery
Interview with IJsbrand van Dok, Founder and former President, Seed Processing Holland BV, The Netherlands
May 2003
Early seed experiences and how I got started

In 1949 my father got a job as a manager on a seed trial farm in Heerhugowaard, a small village near Enkhuizen. There the whole family was working in the field during the harvest, threshing the seeds. I can remember that the tomatoes were grown in the open field and, when they where ripe, they were collected into a small boat. After a few days of fermentation, we, the children, got some high boots and were told to crush the tomatoes in the boat for the seed extraction process. I did not know at that moment that in future time I would develop a machine to do this process automatically.

After a few years we returned to Enkhuizen because my father wanted to give his children a chance to study.
I studied at a technical college in Hoorn. Every day I had to bicycle 40 km (25 miles). At a young age I started to work at a local construction company. In the evening I took lessons to be a designer (engineer).

After 2 years of military service as an officer in the engineering corps, I was offered a good job in Switzerland. I worked there for 2 years. Then I started to work in Enkhuizen again, but after I lost my job one day my farther-in-law gave me the advice to start my own company, so I could be independent.

The first years

In 1967 I started my own small construction shop in Enkhuizen called van Dok & de Boer. The company was located in the backyard of Royal Sluis Seeds (now part of Seminis Vegetable Seeds). The people at Royal Sluis needed parts for both new and older equipment. My company was building equipment and parts only for Royal Sluis. In those days, seed companies did not exchange information with each other, they did not like it when suppliers were selling to other competing seed companies.

Because my company had a lot of work in all kinds of construction work, we moved to another facility in an industrial area in Enkhuizen. During the construction of expanding the building, there was an accident which burned the whole facility down to the ground. This was a difficult period for me. Only some drawings of seed processing equipment were saved. Looking at those drawings, I started to wonder whether this equipment  could be sold worldwide? I made the decision to start up again and focus on equipment only for the seed industry. 

We wanted to be different in the marketplace. We wanted to offer complete processing lines. We saw that there was a need for this worldwide. At that time we changed our name from "van Dok & de Boer" into "Seed Processing Holland BV", because this new name told our potential customers exactly what we were doing.

As the Dutch seed industry was expanding rapidly in those days and was breeding and producing seed around the world, we also got opportunities to export to foreign countries. This had a impact on the local seed companies of these countries, which helped us a lot selling our equipment.

What it took to succeed

The market in which we operate is relatively small. To be a seed machinery manufacturer in the Netherlands, you have to distinguish yourself from other suppliers around the world.

Because labour costs are high in the Netherlands, we have to produce high quality machines to have the right to exist in this business.

Our machines have to be original, accurate and reproductible, and we must provide good support to our customers around the world. Today, because of the new technologies, we can support some of our products, such as our seed dryer, filmcoater and priming system, electronically via modem.

We export to some 60 countries, and 23 people work in the company. In order for us to best advise our customers on the equipment they need, companies can send us small seed samples for testing, free of charge. In our showroom we have all the basic equipment. We can do tests for seed cleaning (conditioning), colour sorting, priming, counting, drying and chlorophyll sorting etc. We return the samples with our recommendations. In this way the customers know that, when they buy our equipment, it will work for their seeds.

Early evolution of seed machinery and equipment

There has always been a fundamental need for cleaning seeds which goes back centuries.

Sorting seeds on size, weight and colour can improve the quality of a seed lot. These sorting activities were mainly done by hand. More than 100 years ago, you could already see in some seed companies a certain level of automation such as air separators (winnower) or air screening machines.

In order to get better seed quality "high germination was always an issue". Seed companies tried to find better and more automated separation techniques. Some techniques where borrowed from other processing industries such as the food and pharmaceutical industries.

A few milestones in the seed equipment industry

Seed Gravity Separator

Based on seed weight, this machine separates light and heavy seeds/parts in several fractions. In the past this technique (roll up) was done by hand, it was and still is a very difficult technique, and only a few skilled seed cleaning specialists can do it.

Seed Colour Separator

Based on the colour of the seed, this machine can separate a seed lot. It works with cameras. For example you can remove infected black seeds out of tomato or pepper seed, black lettuce seed from white seed, green beans from white beans, etc. Nowadays we sell colour separators that can separate many tons of seed per hour.

Seed Priming

This technology enhances seeds, which will give the grower a faster germination, more uniformity, more first choice plants etc. In principle, 4 different seed priming methods are available: Drum Priming, Solid Particulate Priming, Osmotic Priming and the Seed Conditioner (water vapour pressure conditioning). We sell equipment for two methods: Osmotic priming and the Seed Conditioner.

Seed Pelleting

This process came from the pharmaceutical industry. Making the shape of a seed different, using powders and liquid. Seed that is difficult to sow, such as begonia or lettuce, can be pelleted. The nice round shape of the seed pellet makes it very easy to sow, and prevents double seeds in trays or in the field. We offer the complete pelleting equipment range.

Seed Sizing (Calibrating)

With very accurate screens, in a fairly slow process, "naked" seeds can be sized on the diameter with 0.05 mm difference (100e inch). In this way you can separate male and female lines, but also create again uniformity in plants.

Nowadays the market is  more and more demanding sized seeds.

Our sizers are used mainly in flower and vegetable seed processing.

 

Seed Counting

Using cameras. this process counts seeds 1 by 1. Instead of selling seeds by volume or by weight, seeds can be counted as well. In this way you are not depending on the DKG (thousand corn weight). You can actually sell exactly the seeds that you need to sell. Therefore you will never sell too much seed, which will save you money in the end. We developed a wide range of counting equipment to do this.

Seed Chlorophyll Sorting

Using laser technology. Reading the quantity of chlorophyll fluorescence in the seeds, you can sort on the maturity level. In this way you have the possibility to separate mature and immature seeds. This could work for example for brassicas, peppers, tomatoes etc.

How equipment is developed

As an example, 20 years ago seed companies used to come to me and to tell me about the problems they had with damage to seeds during the threshing and extraction processes. It is very important to listen to the problems the seed companies are experiencing and to find the solution together. We could not develop our equipment without the practical experience of the seed companies. Together with the seed production managers and the technical managers we started to design machines. Most of the time the result was that we got the order to build the equipment. Agreements were then drafted which specified whether or not we could sell the new equipment to other seed companies.

In this way we developed rotary seed threshers, belt threshers and seed extraction machines. Seeds where no longer damaged in the beginning of the process so this would prevent a lot of problems in seed cleaning and germination. These machines were and are particularly successful in our company.

Another problem the companies had was with the drying of seeds. Seed companies dried their seeds with non-conditioned ambient air. This meant that a drying process could take 2 days or maybe a week, depending on the ambient air conditions. This could mean that the seed quality could go down, because seeds remained wet for too long. After studies, it appeared that drying in a controlled conditioned way could keep a good germination / quality of the seed lot.

We listened to these problems and we developed our own conditioned drying system. We began also to rotate the seeds during the drying, in order to have a uniform drying process, no double seeds and a polishing effect (like on tomato). This was something the market was waiting for. This dryer is still very successful because you can use it for all kind of seeds or pellets and every harvest year under each ambient weather conditions you can have the same quality drying process. "You know what you are doing"

Because we have a good reputation in the market we also notice that inventors of universities or individuals contact us to work together on creating a new or improved seed processing technique. Sometimes this results in a new machine, but you always have to pay attention to the market and determine whether this is really what companies could use in practice.

Equipment must be practical in use. Prevent high tech bottoms if you do not need it. I hanged a sign in our engineering department reading "KISS". My designers asked me what it meant. I told them ""Keep It Simple Stupid"". I hope that they learned something from these 4 words.

Unforgettable moments

I will never forget some experiences I had during my travels.

One time I was in Indonesia (Java) for a survey on a seed cleaning project. During a walk through the trial fields, I met the seed growers. They where so proud and honoured that I visited them, that I got a bag of potatoes to bring back with me to Holland. Of course I accepted this gift, which was a serious deal for those people. I had to carry this 25 Kg bag a few miles over the Sawas as we where walking on, knowing that I could never cook them in my hotel or take them home with me.

In Russia, Kazakhstan we also finished a seed cleaning project. The Ministry of Agriculture supported this. During a ceremony as an honoured guest, I was rewarded with a medal as best worker of Kazakhstan. I had to wear a traditional costume and they prepared a cooked sheep head. I had to cut this head, and I had to give it to the other guests on the table. Each part of the head had a different meaning, like the ears (the person who got this, could listen well) the eyes (you noticed every small detail) etc. I was lucky I had a strong stomach and a good appetite!

In the 80’s in Algeria the FAO completed a project financed by the World Bank, to privatise the agricultural industry. This could mean orders for suppliers of tractors or sowing equipment, but also of seed extraction and threshing equipment. We worked on this project with a consultant who spoke French and I was there for technical support. There was also a German supplier of potato planters. He said he could deliver 500 of these machines. He had a brochure with a picture showing another machine (more expensive) than the one he had offered. The Algerian buyers demanded that he delivers the equipment mentioned on the picture at the price of his quote for the other, less expensive machine. This misunderstanding would cost him $50.000 and he did not want to agree. The Algerians asket him to make an offer for 1,500 machines, which would end up costing him $150,000. He flew back to Germany, doing his calculations over and over again. I learned then that you should be careful how you describe your offer and that your documents have to be correct.

In closing

I am proud that we are accepted worldwide by the seed companies, and I believe that our customers like the fact that we visit them each year. We are also members of the ASTA, APSA and ISF. By attending the conferences of these associations we can inform our customers regularly about new technologies and developments.

Because I am an engineer, I am very happy that we draw our equipment in 3-D. We can also communicate with architects around the world on turnkey projects. We send the drawings by email back and forth.

When I look back, I do not think I would do things differently if I had to start again. You loose some and you win some, as the saying goes. Of course, we had our share of difficult times, for instance when the economy was slow in the early nineties. But this is the risk I took as an entrepreneur. I always stood behind our products. During my career I have witnessed the evolution in communication technology like telex, fax, email and Internet. We used this a lot. I was fascinated by these quick developments.

I have now been retired for over a year. I must say that after 45 years of working hard I rather like it, although it took me more than half a year to get used to it. I did not have appointments! And now I think I can make appointments with my wife, but she does not want to do this, what can I do?

Anyway I know that the company is in good hands. And I hope that they have the same luck and opportunities in business that I once had.

If you want to know more about our company and products you can visit us at: www.seedprocessing.nl or contact us at: info@seedprocessing.nl

May 2003

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IJsbrand van Dok
Founder and former President
Seed Processing Holland BV
The Netherlands

I was born in Enkhuizen, a small town in the north of Holland where a lot of seed companies are located. Already in those days, many residents of Enkhuizen worked for seed companies.
My father, Willem van Dok, worked as a manager in the trial fields for flower and vegetable seeds at a company called "Gebroeders Sluis", now known as Seminis.
Therefore, I was born with seeds in my genes. At home, with the whole family, we sorted beans on the kitchen table. Colour separators did not yet exist...

(IJsbrand van Dok passed away in January 2008)


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