St. Paul, Minnesota
March 27, 2009
USDA/ARS Cereal Rust Bulletin
Report No. 1 - 2009
• The first report of stem
rust was in wheat and barley plots in southeast Texas.
• Wheat leaf rust is increasing in plots and fields in the
southern U.S.
• Wheat stripe rust levels were low in northeastern
Louisiana.
• Low amounts of oat stem rust were found in southeast Texas
plots.
• Oat crown rust is increasing in the southern U.S.
Wheat Stem Rust
On March 23, low levels of
stem rust were found on spelt wheat and barley planted as a
windbreak for watermelons in Hidalgo County along the Rio
Grande Valley in southeast Texas.
Wheat Leaf Rust
Texas – In
mid-February, low levels of leaf rust were found in central
Texas. In late February leaf rust was observed in south
Texas at Castroville in irrigated plots. The most severe
leaf rust was found in the Jagger (Lr17 resistance),
Jagalene (Lr24) and TAM 112 (Lr41) cultivars. By mid-March,
leaf rust was severe in the irrigated plots. The rust was
much more severe than in the past two years in the irrigated
plots. In late February, low levels of leaf rust were found
on lower leaves of wheat growing in irrigated fields in the
Rio Grande Valley. Dryland fields had lower incidence of
leaf rust. In early March, low levels of leaf rust were
found in southern and central Texas fields. By mid-March,
leaf rust was severe on susceptible cultivars in the College
Station nursery in central Texas. The severe drought this
winter throughout much of Texas limited rust development.
Recent rains have improved conditions for rust development
in Texas.
Oklahoma – In mid-February, leaf rust was at trace to
low levels in Oklahoma plots. In mid-March, low levels of
leaf rust were found throughout Oklahoma. The most severe
leaf rust was in early planted Jagalene.
Kansas – In mid-February, traces of wheat leaf rust
that overwintered were found in a southeast Kansas field. In
late February traces of leaf rust were detected in
northeastern Kansas plots near Manhattan. In mid-March, low
levels of leaf rust were found in eastern Kansas.
Louisiana – In early March, infection levels of wheat
leaf rust were much lower than normal in southern Louisiana.
During the fourth week in March low to moderate levels were
found in plots and fields throughout Louisiana. Some growers
are starting to spray.
Arkansas – In early March, low levels of wheat leaf
rust were found in southwest Arkansas. Levels of leaf rust
appear to be much lower than normal in Arkansas.
Mississippi – In mid-March, leaf rust was severe on
wheat in southern Mississippi plots.
Georgia – In mid-March, leaf rust was found on the
lower leaves of the most susceptible wheat lines at the
Plains, nursery in southern Georgia.
Wheat Stripe Rust
Texas - During the
fourth week in March, low levels of stripe rust were found
in southeastern Texas. As of March 25, no wheat stripe rust
has been reported in Oklahoma or Kansas.
Louisiana – During the fourth week in March in
northeastern Louisiana at Winnsboro, high levels of stripe
rust were observed in one wheat plot while surrounding plots
were relatively clean. Stripe rust has not yet been reported
in other areas of the state.
Arkansas – As of March 25, no stripe rust has been
reported in Arkansas.
California – In Late March, stripe rust was found in
nurseries in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys.
Pacific Northwest – In late February, wheat stripe
rust was found in the Mount Vernon area of northwestern
Washington.
Please send wheat and barley stripe rust collections (5 or
more rusted green leaves) as soon as possible after
collection to:
Dr. Xianming Chen
USDA-ARS
361 Johnson Hall
P.O. Box 646430
Washington State University
Pullman, WA 99164-6430
email:
xianming@mail.wsu.edu
Note: Stripe rust collections are vulnerable to heat and do
not survive long at warm temperatures; therefore, if
shipment of collections for race identification is delayed
their viability will be greatly reduced. An overnight
courier service is preferred for sending stripe rust
collections.
Oat Stem Rust
On March 23, severe levels
of stem rust were found on oat mixed in spelt that was
planted as a windbreak for watermelons in Hidalgo County
along the Rio Grande Valley in southeast Texas.
Oat Crown Rust
In early March, light
levels of crown rust were found in oat in the College
Station, Texas nursery plots. In early March, crown rust was
found on the susceptible oat variety ‘Brooks’ in the Baton
Rouge, Louisiana nursery. All were fairly young pustules,
probably from a spore shower 10-14 days ago. By late March,
the crown rust was spreading rapidly in the nursery. In
mid-March, crown rust was severe on the on the variety
Brooks in Beeville, Texas plots. Crown rust infections are
generally lighter than normal in the southern U.S.
Barley Leaf Rust
No barley leaf rust has
been reported in the U.S.
Rye Leaf Rust
No rye leaf rust has been
reported in the U.S.
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