The development of EU-wide legislation on the co-existence of genetically modified crops with conventional and organic farming does not appear justified at this time, in view of the EU’s limited experience with the cultivation of GM crops and the need to conclude the process of introducing national measures. This is the main conclusion of a new report from the European Commission, published today. However, before any decision is taken, the Commission will engage in an in-depth consultative process with stakeholders. A conference in Vienna on 5-6 April will provide an ideal occasion for such a discussion. Co-existence measures are the subject of a Commission Recommendation from July 2003. They are designed to ensure that GM crops can be grown along with non-GM crops without negative economic consequences caused by accidental mixing of the two. The Commission proposes to work jointly with the Member States and stakeholders on the development of recommendations for crop-specific technical segregation measures.

“The development of efficient and cost-effective strategies to ensure co-existence is vital to ensure a practical choice between GM and non-GM produce for farmers and consumers,” said Mariann Fischer Boel, Commissioner for Agriculture and Rural Development. “This is not a question of health or environmental protection, because no GMOs are allowed on the EU market unless they have been proved to be completely safe. To ensure that consumers know exactly what they are buying the EU has developed an advanced labelling and traceability system for GMOs. Segregation measures must be in place to ensure that accidental traces of GMOs in conventional or organic products are kept within the strict ranges defined by EU legislation. Growing conditions are very varied from country to country and experience with GM crops is still limited in Europe. It therefore does not seem appropriate to propose unified EU rules at this time.”

Experience with the cultivation of GM crops remains extremely limited in the EU. Commercial cultivation has so far been limited to two types of GM maize. In Spain, GM maize cultivation amounted to 58,000 hectares in 2004, or about 12 percent of total Spanish maize cultivation. In other Member States, cultivation is limited to a few hundred hectares. In Spain, GM maize has been grown since 1998 under a non-binding code of good practice.

On 23 July 2003, the Commission adopted a Recommendation on guidelines for the development of national strategies and best practices, to help Member States develop national legislative or other strategies for co-existence. Most Member States are still developing national approaches, with specific co-existence legislation adopted in four Member States (Germany, Denmark, Portugal and six of the Austrian Länder) by the end of 2005. Monitoring programmes still have to be set up and implemented in order to verify the effectiveness and economic feasibility of the measures taken.

Co-existence measures aim at protecting farmers of non-GM crops from the possible economic consequences of accidental mixing of crops with GMOs. The Commission Recommendation states that co-existence measures should not go beyond what is necessary to ensure that accidental traces of GMOs in non-GM products stay below EU labelling thresholds in order to avoid any unnecessary burden for the operators concerned. Measures should be science-based and proportionate and must not generally forbid the growing of GM crops.

Most Member States have based their approaches on management measures applicable at the level of individual farms or in coordination between neighbouring farms. The onus of implementing segregation measures has generally been placed on GM crop growers. The very diverse nature of EU farming means that co-existence measures have to be adapted to local conditions and crop types, and make it imperative to ensure the maximum degree of flexibility for the Member States in developing their national approaches.

The Commission believes there is a need to gather further experience before departing from the current subsidiarity-based approach set out in the 2003 Recommendation. However, it intends to take very careful notice of the opinions expressed by stakeholders. The co-existence conference organised in Vienna on 5-6 April 2006 will provide such an occasion. In the meantime, the Commission proposes to strengthen its efforts to ensure the maximum cooperation between Member States; analyse the latest scientific and economic information available on segregation measures; develop jointly with the Member States best practices for technical segregation measures leading to crop-specific recommendations; and obtain more information on national civil liability systems. In 2008, the Commission will report on the progress made, including an update on the development and implementation of national co-existence measures.

Related release: IP/06/230

Link to Co-existence of genetically modified crops with conventional and organic farming:
http://europa.eu.int/comm/agriculture/coexistence/index_en.htm

Source: Fundacion Antama

Un nuevo informe de la Comisión Europea asegura que es posible la coexistencia de cultivos

El centro de investigación “Joint Research Centre”, dependiente de la Comisión Europea, ha publicado un informe, “New case studies on the coexistence of GM and non-GM crops in European Agriculture”, con diversos casos para mostrar cómo los agricultores pueden reducir la presencia adventicia (1) de material modificado genéticamente (MG) en cosechas no MG. El objetivo del estudio es servir como referencia científicamente basada para apoyar y mejorar las medidas de coexistencia de cultivos dentro de la Unión Europea.

Los estudios de casos se refieren al cultivo y producción de semillas del maíz, remolacha azucarera y algodón, y examinan la producción de semillas en Europa, bajo diferentes umbrales de presencia de OGMs. Asimismo estudia esta cuestión en una escala regional, a través de simulaciones, empleando datos de los paisajes agrícolas europeos, condiciones meteorológicas y prácticas agrícolas. Este estudio concluye que es posible mantener el umbral del 0.9% de presencia adventicia de OMGs como límite para etiquetar un producto como no OMG, con pocos o ningún cambio en las prácticas agrícolas, si la presencia adventicia de OMG en las semillas no excede del 0,5%. La producción de semillas por encima del umbral del 0,5% de material GM sería posible con pocos o ningún cambio en las prácticas de producción de semillas habituales. 

El marco legal de la UE sobre trazabilidad y etiquetado de OMGs y productos derivados de OMGs define un umbral del 0,9% para la presencia adventicia de material MG en alimentos y piensos no MG y proporciona una guía para las medidas de coexistencia en agricultura. Basado en simulaciones y opiniones de expertos, el informe concluye que la producción de semillas convencionales (no MG) en Europa con presencia adventicia de material MG, sin exceder el 0,5%, es. En el caso de la producción de semillas de maíz, sería necesario introducir un pequeño cambio, que consistiría en implantar distancias de aislamiento mayores que las que se respetan actualmente. Además señala que garantizar que las semillas del maíz contendrán no más del 0,1% de presencia adventicia de material MG no es posible si las medidas de coexistencia se limitan a la acción sobre fincas de forma individual, o en coordinación con las fincas vecinas.

Mientras que diversos estudios previos sobre coexistencia de cosechas MG y no MG se basaban en análisis de campo de polinización cruzada, este nuevo informe traslada el estudio sobre coexistencia a un nivel regional. Esto ha sido posible gracias al desarrollo de nuevos modelos diseñados para dirigir el flujo de genes desde cultivos transgénicos a los que no son transgénicos, con versiones digitalizadas de los actuales paisajes agrícolas de Europa, lo que ha permitido la estimación de los niveles de presencia adventicia de material MG  en cosechas no MG.

En julio de 2003, la Comisión Europea publicó una serie de recomendaciones para ayudar a los Estados Miembros a desarrollar estrategias que aseguren la efectiva coexistencia de cultivos MG con los convencionales y los ecológicos. Desde entonces, han sido varios los países de la UE que han desarrollado legislación en materia de coexistencia.

Enlace al informe: www.jrc.es/home/pages/eur22102enfinal.pdf