Deliberate release into the
environment of GMOs for any other purposes than placing on the
market:
Effect of stomata density on growth and
yield of genetically modified potato in the agro-environment |
Date of publication: December 13, 2004
Source:
http://gmoinfo.jrc.it/gmp_browse_geninf.asp
Notification
report
General information
Notification Number:
B/DE/04/159
Member State: Germany
Date of Acknowledgement: 20/09/2004
Title of the Project:
Effect of stomata density on growth and
yield of genetically modified potato in the agro-environment
Proposed period of release From:01/04/2005
To:30/11/2008
Name of the Institute(s) or Company(ies):
Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology;
3. Is the same GMPt release planned elsewhere in the
Community?
No
4 - Has the same GMPt been notified elsewhere by the same
notifier?
No
Genetically
modified plant
1. Complete name of the
recipient or parental plant(s)
|
Common Name
|
Family Name
|
Genus |
Species
|
Subspecies
|
Cultivar/breeding line
|
| potato
|
solanaceae |
solanum |
solanum tuberosum |
tuberosum |
Désirée |
2. Description of the traits and characteristics which have
been introduced or modified, including marker genes and previous
modifications:
Potato plants transformed with the pBinARHyg-AtSDD1
- sequences from the subtilisin like serin protease SDD1 from
Arabidopsis thaliana in sense orientation to the 35S promoter
from Cauliflower mosaic virus
- OCS terminator from Agrobacterium tumefaciens
- Nos promoter from Agrobacterium tumefaciens
- hph gene from Streptomyces hygrocopius
- Nos teminator from Agrobacterium tumefaciens
- The transgenic plants may contain further parts of the vector
pBinARHyg.
Plants transformed with the pBinAR-StSDD1
- sequences from the subtilisin like serin protease SDD1 gene of
Solanum tuberosum in sense and antisense orientiation to the 35S
promoter from Cauliflower mosaic virus, sense and antisense
sequences are separated by an 54 bp sequence from the cloning
vector pCR2.1_TOPO and thus form a sequence that acts as an
RNAi-structure to the SDD1 gene when transcribed
- OCS terminator from Agrobacterium tumefaciens
- Nos promoter from Agrobacterium tumefaciens
- npt II (neomycin-phosphotransferase II) gene from Escherichia
coli
- Nos teminator from Agrobacterium tumefaciens
- The transgenic plant may contain further parts of the vector
pBinAR.
Genetic
modification
3. Type of genetic
modification:
Insertion;
4. In case of insertion of genetic material, give the source
and intended function of each constituent fragment of the region
to be inserted:
Two groups of potato plants are intended for release.
Group 1 was transformed with the pBinARHyg-AtSDD1 construct, in
which the subtilisin like serin protease SDD1 from Arabidopsis
thaliana is in sense orientation to the promoter of the
35S-promotor of the cauliflower mosaic virus, terminated by the
OCS terminator from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The expression of
the SDD1 gene reduces the number of stomata in the leaves of the
plants. Under climate chamber condititions, the transgenic
plants showed an increased sensitivity to high light
intensities. The transformed potato plants further contain the
hph gene from Streptomyces hygrocopius under the control of the
Nos promotor and terminator from Agrobacterium tumesfaciens. The
hph gene was introduced as a selection marker to facilitate the
isolation of transgenic plants during the transformation
process. Plant cells expressing the hph gene show an increased
resistance to the antibiotic Hygromycin as compared to plant
cells without hph expression.
Group 2 was transformed with the pBinAR-StSDD1 construct, in
which the Subtilisin like serin protease SDD1 from Solanum
tuberosum is in sense and partial antisense RNAi orientation to
the promoter of the 35S-RNA of the cauliflower mosaic virus,
terminated by the OCS terminator from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
The expression of the RNAi construct of the SDD1 gene increases
the number of stomata in the leaves of the plants. Under high
light or high temperature conditions, these plants showed an
increased tuber production compared to the untransformed parent
line. The transformed potato plants further contain the npt II
gene from Escherichia coli under the control of the Nos promotor
and terminator from Agrobacterium tumesfaciens. The npt II gene
was introduced as a selection marker to facilitate the isolation
of transgenic plants during the transformation process. Plant
cells expressing the npt II gene show an increased resistance to
the antibiotic Kanamycin as compared to plant cells without npt
II expression.
6. Brief description of the method used for the genetic
modification:
The binary vectors pBinARHyg-AtSDD1 or pBinAR-StSDD1 were
constructed based on the Bin19 derivatives pBinARHyg or pBinAR,
respectively. The resulting vectors were used to transform
Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58C1. Axenic leaf cuttings of
Solanum tuberosum cv. Desiree were incubated for 3 to 5 minutes
in a suspension of the respective genetically modified
Agrobacteria. Afterwards, these leaf cuttings were incubated on
a shoot induction media containing the antibiotics Hygromycin or
Kanamycin, respectively, to select for transformed cells and the
antibiotic Cefotaxim or Tricarcellin to distroy the
Agrobacteria. Regenerating shoots were transferred to a medium
containing Cefotaxim or Tricarcellin and cultivated for at least
two passages under these conditions.
7. If the recipient or parental plant is a forest tree
species, describe ways and extent of dissemination and specific
factors affecting dissemination:
not applicable
Experimental
Release
1. Purpose of the release:
Under greenhouse conditions, the potato plants that were
transformed with the sense construct of the SDD1 gene showed
decreased stomata densities, those transformed with the RNAi
construct of the SDD1 gene showed increased stomata densities.
The experimental release will provide data how the stomata
density correlates to the performance of the plant in a field
environment, where the plants are subjected to the natural
diurnal and seasonal changes in environmental, especially
climatic parameters.
2. Geographical location of the site:
14476 Potsdam/Golm, Flur 1, Flurstück-Nr 955, Potsdam,
Brandenburg, Germany
3. Size of the site (m2):
A maximum number of 1800 GM plants/year are planted on a 500
m² release site in a trial area of 77000 m2
4. Relevant data regarding previous releases carried out with
the same GM-plant, if any, specifically related to the potential
environmental and human health impacts from the release:
The GM plant has not been released before.
Environmental
Impact and Risk Management
Summary of the potential
environmental impact from the release of the GMPts:
In Germany, potato plants have a very low dispersal range and
do not survive outside agronomic environments. Potato does not
hybridise with any species growing wild in Germany. The low
survival rate in natural environments is mainly due to the very
low frost resistance of any part of the plant except seeds.
Frost resistance as a major limiting trait for the survival of
potato depends on a several genes which to our present knowledge
lack in the genom of the cultivated Solanum tuberosum. The
alteration of the activity of a single potato enzyme in the
transgenic plants is unlikely to increase the frost resistance.
Brief description of any measures taken for the management of
risks:
Potato has a very low dispersal capacity and does not
hybridise with any species growing wild in Germany. Thus, GM
potato can be isolated in the release site (= the area that is
planted with the GM potato) by keeping a minimum distance of 20
m between the GM potato and any potato cultivation that is not
monitored as stated below. This requirement is met by placing
the release site accordingly on the test site. The release site
is monitored for volunteers during the growth season of the year
following the release. Any potato volunteer on the release site
are destroyed. The post-harvest survey is repeated until the
number of potato volunteers in the respective release site is
zero for one year.
Summary of foreseen field trial studies focused to gain new
data on environmental and human health impact from the release:
not applicable |
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