This report is based on a colloquium, "100 Years
of Bacillis thuringiensis, a Paradigm for Producing
Transgenic Organisms: A Critical Scientific Assessment,"
sponsored by the
American
Academy of Microbiology and held November 16-18, 2001, in
Ithaca, New York.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The insecticidal proteins produced by
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have provided a uniquely
specific, safe, and effective tool for the control of a wide
variety of insect pests. Bt has been used in spray
formulations for over 40 years, where it is considered
remarkably safe, in large part because specific formulations
harm only a narrow range of insect species. Today, Bt
insecticidal protein genes have been incorporated into several
major crops where they provide a model for genetic engineering
in agriculture.
Effective protection of crops from insect pests
afforded by insecticidal proteins has had a number of positive
impacts on agriculture. Reduced insect damage im-proves crop
yield, reduces fungal toxins in the food supply, and improves
the livelihood of farmers. Replacement of toxic chemical
pesticides with Bt has reduced hazards to the environment
and farm workers. Bt-engineered crops are equally
amenable to use in large or small scale farming operations and
compatible with other agricultural practices and technologies.
Concerns associated with the use of Bt
include potential for harm to non-target organisms, development
of resistance in populations of target insects, and, for
engineered crops, possible ecological consequences of gene flow
to non-engineered crops and wild relatives. These concerns merit
continued attention on a case-by-case basis in order to ensure
that Bt technologies have the maximum positive impact
with a minimum risk on agriculture. Prudent use of Bt
technologies will also be key in maintaining their usefulness
for a long period of time.
The full report in PDF format is available on
the webiste of the
American
Academy of Microbiology at
http://www.asmusa.org/acasrc/pdfs/Btreport.pdf
Copyright © 2002
American Academy of Microbiology
1752 N Street, NW
Washington, DC 20036
USA